All of the steps were laid out in the FAA Modernization and Reform Act.
The agency’s most recent step, the opening of six test site/pilot projects, is one of many steps in the plan to integrate UAS into the nation’s airspace. The FAA first authorized the use of UAS in 1990, but its first major regulatory efforts have taken place in the past few years, as interest in UAS has grown. FAA Regulation and UAS/UAV Test Sitesīeginning in 2012, following the passage of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act, the agency undertook a major effort to prepare the national airspace for the arrival of unmanned aircraft. We will be updating this page regularly, so if you know of a resource that we’ve missed, please let us know at medialaw unc.edu. This page includes background on the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) regulation of drones, as well as case law, resources from the FAA, and other resources addressing the many legal issues associated with the use of drones for journalistic purposes.įor the latest updates on this fast moving topic, please visit our blog. The law in this area is far from settled, and the legal scholarship on this subject is still developing. “Drone journalism” refers to the use of “unmanned aerial vehicles” (UAVs) or “unmanned aerial systems” (UAS) for journalistic purposes. What's new about the incident in Libya, if confirmed, is that the drone that was used had the capacity to operate autonomously, which means there is no human controlling it, essentially a "killer robot," formerly the stuff of science fiction.Image courtesy of Flickr user Don McCullough pursuant to a Creative Commons CC BY 2.0 license. Just last month, the Israel Defense Forces reportedly used drones to drop tear gas on protesters in the occupied West Bank, while Hamas launched loitering munitions - so-called kamikaze drones - into Israel. in particular has used drones extensively to kill militants and destroy physical targets.Īzerbaijan used armed drones to gain a major advantage over Armenia in recent fighting for control of the Nagorno-Karabakh region. For years, military forces and rebel groups have used remote-controlled aircraft to carry out reconnaissance, target infrastructure and attack people. The idea of a "killer robot" has moved from fantasy to realityĭrone warfare itself is not new. "Fire, forget and find" refers to a weapon that once fired can guide itself to its target. report goes on: "The lethal autonomous weapons systems were programmed to attack targets without requiring data connectivity between the operator and the munition: in effect, a true 'fire, forget and find' capability." The Kargu-2 is an attack drone made by the Turkish company STM that can be operated both autonomously and manually and that purports to use "machine learning" and "real-time image processing" against its targets. and other loitering munitions," the panel wrote. "Logistics convoys and retreating were subsequently hunted down and remotely engaged by the unmanned combat aerial vehicles or the lethal autonomous weapons systems such as the STM Kargu-2. Khalifa Haftar, according to the report by the U.N. The assault came during fighting between the U.N.-recognized Government of National Accord and forces aligned with Gen. "If anyone was killed in an autonomous attack, it would likely represent an historic first known case of artificial intelligence-based autonomous weapons being used to kill," Zachary Kallenborn wrote in Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. But the report does not say explicitly that the LAWS killed anyone. Now, a United Nations report about a March 2020 skirmish in the military conflict in Libya says such a drone, known as a lethal autonomous weapons system - or LAWS - has made its wartime debut. Such weapons are known to be in development, but until recently there were no reported cases of autonomous drones killing fighters on the battlefield. Military-grade autonomous drones can fly themselves to a specific location, pick their own targets and kill without the assistance of a remote human operator. report says the weapons system was used in Libya in March 2020. A Kargu rotary-wing attack drone loitering munition system manufactured by the STM defense company of Turkey.
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